This book, made available with the permission of Giampiero Scafoglio, focuses on the character of Ajax, an important hero in the Homeric Iliad and the so-called Epic Cycle. In the “Cyclic” Little Iliad, he is even the protagonist of an ethically dubious episode: the ‘judgment of arms’, with its tragic consequences. Moreover, the memory of events concerning Ajax is also present in the Odyssey, which can serve as a link between the Iliad and the Epic Cycle. Through the character of Ajax, the author takes an intersecting approach to the Homeric and the “Cyclic” epic traditions, following the development of mythical subjects from one tradition to the other, and starting with their formation in oral traditions.